MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
We are living in a time of great change and working in an Information Age. Managers have to assimilate masses of data, convert that data into information, form conclusions about that information and make decisions leading to the achievement of business objectives. For an organisation, information is as important resource as money, machinery and manpower. It is essential for the survival of the enterprise.
Before the widespread use of computers, many organisations found difficulties in gathering, storing, organising and distributing large amounts of data and information. Developments in computer technology made possible for managers to select the information they require, in the form best suited for their needs and in time they want.
This information must be current and in many cases is needed by many people at the same time. So it have to be accurate, concise, timely, complete, well presented and storable. Most firms nowadays depend on IT. But personal computers (PCs) themselves will not improve organisational productivity: this only comes about if they are used efficiently and effectively.
The information system is the mechanism to ensure that information is available to the managers in the form they want it and when they need it. It is designed to support their work through providing relevant information for their decision-making. Computer systems can clearly aid organisations in the processing of data into accurate, wellpresented, up-to-date and cost-effective information. Weather that information is also
concise, relevant, timely and complete will depend largely on the capabilities of the people involved in its processing and selection.
Before the widespread use of computers, many organisations found difficulties in gathering, storing, organising and distributing large amounts of data and information. Developments in computer technology made possible for managers to select the information they require, in the form best suited for their needs and in time they want.
This information must be current and in many cases is needed by many people at the same time. So it have to be accurate, concise, timely, complete, well presented and storable. Most firms nowadays depend on IT. But personal computers (PCs) themselves will not improve organisational productivity: this only comes about if they are used efficiently and effectively.
The information system is the mechanism to ensure that information is available to the managers in the form they want it and when they need it. It is designed to support their work through providing relevant information for their decision-making. Computer systems can clearly aid organisations in the processing of data into accurate, wellpresented, up-to-date and cost-effective information. Weather that information is also
concise, relevant, timely and complete will depend largely on the capabilities of the people involved in its processing and selection.
Technology is a general term for the processes by which human beings fashion tools and machines to increase their control and understanding of the material environment. The term is derived from the Greek words tekhne, which refers to an art or craft, and logia, meaning an area of study; thus technology means, the study, or the science of crafting.
Information technology (IT) and computers can be viewed as tools enabling the rapid capture, manipulation, storage and communication of information. They may help the managers to administrate and control, to make decisions but not to lead. IT is a term that covers the hardware and software used for storing, processing or communicating information. It is through IT that companies can define, gather, store, manipulate, and
communicate data to smooth the flow of information. Although the terms data and information tend to be used interchangeably, there is a real distinction between the two concepts. Data are row, unanalysed numbers and facts about events. Information, in contrast, results when data are organised and analysed in some meaningful way.
Strategy concerning computer technology application may be viewed as IS strategy and IT strategy. IS strategy is concerned with ascertaining an organisation’s demand for applications and overall development of organisation systems, whereas IT strategy will concern itself with how those demands are actually satisfied (Barnatt, 1994).
Information technology (IT) and computers can be viewed as tools enabling the rapid capture, manipulation, storage and communication of information. They may help the managers to administrate and control, to make decisions but not to lead. IT is a term that covers the hardware and software used for storing, processing or communicating information. It is through IT that companies can define, gather, store, manipulate, and
communicate data to smooth the flow of information. Although the terms data and information tend to be used interchangeably, there is a real distinction between the two concepts. Data are row, unanalysed numbers and facts about events. Information, in contrast, results when data are organised and analysed in some meaningful way.
Strategy concerning computer technology application may be viewed as IS strategy and IT strategy. IS strategy is concerned with ascertaining an organisation’s demand for applications and overall development of organisation systems, whereas IT strategy will concern itself with how those demands are actually satisfied (Barnatt, 1994).
In other words, company’s requirement will determine the means sought to fulfil their technological solution. The informational strategy will provide the foundation for the IT strategy. In a good company, IT strategy should be linked to the business strategy. The term management information system (MIS) made its first appearance in U.S. navy report on the use of computers to construct a single integrated system to manage all navy resources.
The MIS idea spread rapidly throughout the administrative systems community, encouraged by a spate of subsequent reports and conferences sponsored by the American Management Association. MIS was an "information" system because it informed managers, not because it was full of information in technical sense, though the distinction soon blurred as the idea of MIS spread. MIS is every system, which provides information for the managerial activities in an organisation. For about a decade, from its introduction in 1959 to the end of the 1960s, this very broad definition of MIS spread rapidly and was endorsed by industrial
corporations, consultants, academic researchers, management writers, and computer manufacturers.
The term “management information system”(MIS) is synonymous with computer-based systems. Used broadly, it is seen as the system satisfying all the information needs of managers. MIS is the study of providing information to people who make choices about the disposition of valuable resources in a timely, accurate, and complete manner at a minimum of cognitive and economic cost for acquisition, processing, storage, and retrieval. Another definition emphasises the use to which the information is put, rather
than the way it is produced:
The MIS idea spread rapidly throughout the administrative systems community, encouraged by a spate of subsequent reports and conferences sponsored by the American Management Association. MIS was an "information" system because it informed managers, not because it was full of information in technical sense, though the distinction soon blurred as the idea of MIS spread. MIS is every system, which provides information for the managerial activities in an organisation. For about a decade, from its introduction in 1959 to the end of the 1960s, this very broad definition of MIS spread rapidly and was endorsed by industrial
corporations, consultants, academic researchers, management writers, and computer manufacturers.
The term “management information system”(MIS) is synonymous with computer-based systems. Used broadly, it is seen as the system satisfying all the information needs of managers. MIS is the study of providing information to people who make choices about the disposition of valuable resources in a timely, accurate, and complete manner at a minimum of cognitive and economic cost for acquisition, processing, storage, and retrieval. Another definition emphasises the use to which the information is put, rather
than the way it is produced:
“A system to convert data from internal and external sources into information and communicate that information in an appropriate form, to managers at all levels in all functions to enable them to make timely and effective decisions for planning, directing and controlling the activities for which they are responsible.”(Bee and Bee, 1999)
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